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<title>Free Java implementations</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Free Java implementations</span></span>

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<b>Free Java implementations</b> are <a href="Software" title="Software">software</a> projects that implement Oracle's <a href="Java_(software_platform)" title="Java (software platform)">Java</a> technologies and are distributed under <a href="Free_software_licences" class="mw-redirect" title="Free software licences">free software licences</a>, making them <a href="Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a>. Sun released most of its Java source code as free software in May 2007, so it can now almost be considered a free Java implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Java implementations include compilers, runtimes, class libraries, etc. Advocates of free and open source software refer to free or open source <a href="Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine">Java virtual machine</a> software as <b>free runtimes</b> or <b>free Java runtimes</b>.

</p><p>Some advocates in this movement prefer not to use the term "Java" as it has <a href="Trademark" title="Trademark">trademark</a> issues associated with it. Hence, even though it is a "free Java movement", the term "free Java runtimes" is avoided by them.

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<p>The first free project to offer substantial parts of Java platform functionality was likely guavac, which began some time before November 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Since then, the <a href="Free_software_movement" title="Free software movement">free software movement</a> developed other Java compilers, most notably the <a href="GNU_Compiler_for_Java" title="GNU Compiler for Java">GNU Compiler for Java</a>. Others include the <a href="Eclipse_(software)" title="Eclipse (software)">Eclipse</a> Java Compiler (ECJ), which is maintained by the <a href="Eclipse_Foundation" title="Eclipse Foundation">Eclipse Foundation</a>, and <a href="Jikes" title="Jikes">Jikes</a>, which is no longer actively maintained. Since the <a href="GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GNU Compiler Collection</a>'s 4.3 release, GCJ (its Java compiler) is using the ECJ <a href="Parsing" title="Parsing">parser</a> front-end for parsing Java.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Examples of free <a href="List_of_Java_virtual_machines" title="List of Java virtual machines">runtime environments</a> include <a href="Kaffe" title="Kaffe">Kaffe</a>, <a href="SableVM" title="SableVM">SableVM</a> and <a href="GNU_Compiler_for_Java" title="GNU Compiler for Java">gcj</a>.

</p><p><a href="GNU_Classpath" title="GNU Classpath">GNU Classpath</a> is the main free software <a href="Java_Class_Library" title="Java Class Library">class library</a> for Java. Most free runtimes use GNU Classpath as their class library.

</p><p>In May 2005, <a href="Apache_Harmony" title="Apache Harmony">Apache Harmony</a> was announced, however, the project chose the <a href="Apache_License" title="Apache License">Apache License</a>, which was at the time incompatible with all existing free Java implementations.

</p><p>Another event in May 2005 was the announcement that <a href="OpenOffice.org#Use_of_Java" title="OpenOffice.org">OpenOffice.org</a> 2.0 would depend on Java features which free software implementations couldn't provide. Following controversy, OpenOffice.org adopted a guideline requiring it to work with free Java implementations.

</p><p>Notable applications that already worked with free software Java implementations before November 2006 include <a href="OpenOffice.org" title="OpenOffice.org">OpenOffice.org</a> and <a href="Vuze" title="Vuze">Vuze</a>, both of which work when compiled with GCJ.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sun's_November_2006_announcement">Sun's November 2006 announcement</h2></div>

<p>On November 13, 2006, Sun released its compiler, <a href="Javac" title="Javac">javac</a>, under the <a href="GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>As of September 2007, as well as javac, Sun has released the code of <a href="HotSpot_(virtual_machine)" title="HotSpot (virtual machine)">HotSpot</a> (the <a href="Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">virtual machine</a>) and almost all the <a href="Java_Class_Library" title="Java Class Library">Java Class Library</a> as free software.

</p><p>Following their promise to release a fully buildable <a href="Java_Development_Kit" title="Java Development Kit">JDK</a> based almost completely on free and open source code in the first half of 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sun released the complete <a href="Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> of the Class library under the GPL on May 8, 2007, except some limited parts that were licensed by Sun from 3rd parties who did not want their code to be released under a free software licence.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sun has stated that it aims to replace the parts that remain proprietary and closed source with alternative implementations and make the class library completely free and open source. Since there's some <a href="Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">encumbered code</a> in the JDK, Sun will continue to use that code in commercial releases until it's replaced by fully functional free and open-source alternatives.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_the_May_2007_code_release">After the May 2007 code release</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="OpenJDK" title="OpenJDK">OpenJDK</a></div>

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<p>As of May 2008, the only part of the Class library that remains proprietary (4% as of May 2007 for OpenJDK 7,

and less than 1% as of May 2008 in OpenJDK 6<sup id="cite_ref-fedora9la_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fedora9la-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fedora9redhat_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fedora9redhat-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)

is the <a href="Simple_Network_Management_Protocol" title="Simple Network Management Protocol">SNMP</a> implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-openJDK_b10_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openJDK_b10-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Since the first May 2007 release, <a href="Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>, with the help of the community, has released as free software (or replaced with free-software alternatives) almost all the encumbered code:

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<ul><li>All the audio engine code, including the <a href="Musical_Instrument_Digital_Interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical Instrument Digital Interface">software synthesizer</a>, has been released as open-source.<sup id="cite_ref-openJDK_b10_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openJDK_b10-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The closed-source software synthesizer has been replaced by a new synthesizer developed specifically for OpenJDK called <i>Gervill</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>All <a href="Cryptography" title="Cryptography">cryptography</a> classes used in the Class library have been released as free software,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="FreeType" title="FreeType">FreeType</a> has replaced the code that scales and <a href="Rasterisation" title="Rasterisation">rasterizes</a> <a href="Computer_font" title="Computer font">fonts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2dproject_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2dproject-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="LittleCMS" class="mw-redirect" title="LittleCMS">LittleCMS</a> has replaced the native <a href="Color_management" title="Color management">color-management</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-2dproject_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2dproject-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a pluggable layer in the JDK, so that the commercial version can use the old color management system and OpenJDK can use LittleCMS.</li>

<li>The open-sourced Pisces renderer used in the <a href="PhoneME" title="PhoneME">phoneME</a> project has replaced the <a href="Spatial_anti-aliasing" title="Spatial anti-aliasing">anti-aliasing</a> graphics <a href="Rasterisation" title="Rasterisation">rasterizer</a> code.<sup id="cite_ref-2dproject_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2dproject-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This code is fully functional, but still needs some performance enhancements,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>The <a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> plugin has been open-sourced (<a href="Rhino_(JavaScript_engine)" title="Rhino (JavaScript engine)">the JavaScript engine</a> itself was open-sourced from the beginning).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<p>Because of these previously encumbered components, it was not possible to build <a href="OpenJDK" title="OpenJDK">OpenJDK</a> only with free software components. In order to be able to do this before the whole <a href="Java_Class_Library" title="Java Class Library">class library</a> is made free, and to be able to bundle <a href="OpenJDK" title="OpenJDK">OpenJDK</a> in <a href="Fedora_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fedora (operating system)">Fedora Core</a> and other free <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> distributions, <a href="Red_Hat" title="Red Hat">Red Hat</a> has started a project called <a href="IcedTea" title="IcedTea">IcedTea</a>. It is basically an OpenJDK/<a href="GNU_Classpath" title="GNU Classpath">GNU Classpath</a> hybrid that can be used to bootstrap OpenJDK using only free software.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>As of March 2008, the <a href="Fedora_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fedora (operating system)">Fedora 9</a> distribution has been released with OpenJDK 6 instead of the IcedTea implementation of OpenJDK 7.<sup id="cite_ref-fedora9redhat_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fedora9redhat-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the stated reasons for this change are:

</p>

<ul><li>Sun has replaced most of the encumbrances for which IcedTea was providing replacements (less than 1% of encumbered code remains in the <a href="Java_Class_Library" title="Java Class Library">class library</a>, and this code is not necessary to run OpenJDK).</li>

<li>OpenJDK 6 was a stable branch, whereas OpenJDK 7 was unstable and not expected to ship a stable release until 2009.</li>

<li>Sun has licensed the OpenJDK trademark for use in Fedora.</li></ul>

<p>In June 2008, it was announced that <a href="IcedTea" title="IcedTea">IcedTea</a> 6 (as the packaged version of OpenJDK on <a href="Fedora_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fedora (operating system)">Fedora 9</a>) had passed the <a href="Technology_Compatibility_Kit" title="Technology Compatibility Kit">Technology Compatibility Kit</a> tests and can claim to be a fully compatible Java 6 implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In September 2013, Azul Systems released Zulu, a free, open source build of <a href="OpenJDK" title="OpenJDK">OpenJDK</a> for <a href="Windows_Server" title="Windows Server">Windows Server</a> and the <a href="Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a> Cloud. Later releases added support for <a href="Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a>, multiple versions of <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> and the <a href="Java_Platform%2C_Standard_Edition" title="Java Platform, Standard Edition">Java Platform, Standard Edition</a> version 8. Zulu is certified compliant with Java SE 8, 7 and 6 using the OpenJDK Community <a href="Technology_Compatibility_Kit" title="Technology Compatibility Kit">Technology Compatibility Kit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> have released <a href="Amazon_Corretto" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Corretto">Amazon Corretto</a> a no-cost, multiplatform, production-ready distribution of the Open Java Development Kit. It is released under <a href="GPL" class="mw-redirect" title="GPL">GPL</a> v2 with the <a href="GPL_linking_exception#The_classpath_exception" title="GPL linking exception">Classpath Exception</a>. Long-term support versions of Java 8 and Java 11 are available. It was first publicly released on January 31, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 2017, the <a href="Eclipse_Foundation" title="Eclipse Foundation">Eclipse Foundation</a> released AdoptOpenJDK, now named <a href="Adoptium" title="Adoptium">Adoptium</a>, whose main goal is "to promote and support <a href="Free_and_open-source" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and open-source">free and open-source</a> high-quality runtimes and associated technology for use across the <a href="Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> ecosystem."

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<ul><li><a href="Java_(software_platform)" title="Java (software platform)">Java (software platform)</a></li>

<li><a href="Javac" title="Javac">javac</a></li>

<li><a href="HotSpot_(virtual_machine)" title="HotSpot (virtual machine)">HotSpot</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_Harmony" title="Apache Harmony">Apache Harmony</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenJDK" title="OpenJDK">OpenJDK</a></li>

<li><a href="GNU_Classpath" title="GNU Classpath">GNU Classpath</a> and <a href="GNU_Compiler_for_Java" title="GNU Compiler for Java">GCJ</a></li>

<li><a href="IcedTea" title="IcedTea">IcedTea</a></li>

<li><a href="JamVM" title="JamVM">JamVM</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Java_virtual_machines" title="List of Java virtual machines">List of Java virtual machines</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_Java_virtual_machines" title="Comparison of Java virtual machines">Comparison of Java virtual machines</a></li>

<li><a href="Adoptium" title="Adoptium">Adoptium</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redhat.com/ko/blog/openjdk-and-the-icedtea-project">"OpenJDK and the IcedTea Project"</a>. <i>www.redhat.com</i> (in Korean)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090814181704/http://www.ccs.neu.edu/research/demeter/course/f96/hw/1/guavac-info">"Announcing: guavac 0.2.5, A free compiler for the Java language"</a>. September 7, 1996. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccs.neu.edu/research/demeter/course/f96/hw/1/guavac-info">the original</a> on August 14, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2007</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928155521/http://fresh.t-systems-sfr.com/unix/src/www/guavac-1.2.tar.gz:a/guavac-1.2/compiler/ChangeLog">"Changelog of guavac, showing the first release happening in January 1996"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fresh.t-systems-sfr.com/unix/src/www/guavac-1.2.tar.gz:a/guavac-1.2/compiler/ChangeLog">the original</a> on September 28, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2007</span>. <q>Wed Nov 22 05:43:07 1995 [...] CompilerMain.C, Compiler. C, Compiler.h, lexer.l, parser.y: Initial revision</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-fedora9redhat-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fedora9redhat_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fedora9redhat_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWade2008" class="citation web cs1">Wade, Karsten (March 13, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080421100346/http://developer.redhatmagazine.com/2008/03/12/openjdk-to-replace-icedtea-in-fedora-9/">"OpenJDK in Fedora 9!"</a>. redhatmagazine.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://developer.redhatmagazine.com/2008/03/12/openjdk-to-replace-icedtea-in-fedora-9/">the original</a> on April 21, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2008</span>. <q><i>Thomas Fitzsimmons updated the Fedora 9 release notes source pages to reflect that Fedora 9 would ship with OpenJDK 6 instead of the IcedTea implementation of OpenJDK 7. Fedora 9 (Sulphur) is due to release in May 2008.</i></q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-openJDK_b10-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-openJDK_b10_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-openJDK_b10_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mail.openjdk.java.net/pipermail/jdk6-dev/2008-May/000058.html">"OpenJDK 6 b10 source posted"</a>. May 30, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openjdk.java.net/projects/audio-engine/">audio-engine project page</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2dproject-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2dproject_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2dproject_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2dproject_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openjdk.java.net/groups/2d/">Java2D project page</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mail.openjdk.java.net/pipermail/font-scaler-dev/2007-August/000011.html">"Freetype font rasteriser"</a>. August 7, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2007</span>.</cite></span>

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<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openjdk.java.net/projects/graphics-rasterizer/">graphics-rasterizer project page</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2007" class="citation web cs1">Graham, Jim (October 3, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mail.openjdk.java.net/pipermail/2d-dev/2007-October/000078.html">"Open Source rasterizer"</a>. Sun Microsystems<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2007</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFArun_Gupta2019" class="citation web cs1">Arun Gupta (January 31, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/opensource/amazon-corretto-8-generally-available/">"Amazon Corretto 8 Now Generally Available"</a>. <i>Amazon Web Services</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

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</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/java-trap.html">Free But Shackled - The Java Trap</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://developer.classpath.org/support/">Escaping the Java Trap: A practical road map to the Free Software and Open Source alternatives</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoq.com/news/2007/06/openjdk-hybrids">Hybrids Combine GNU Classpath and OpenJDK</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meetings-archive.debian.net/pub/debian-meetings/2007/debconf7/low/115_State_of_the_Coffee_Cup.ogg">Hour long 2007 video of a workshop with Sun, GGJ, and GNU Classpath developers</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060220174727/http://wiki.debian.org/Java/ResolveJavaNaming">Java Trademark Issues</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Java_virtual_machines_(comparison)200" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine">Java virtual machines</a> (<a href="Comparison_of_Java_virtual_machines" title="Comparison of Java virtual machines">comparison</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun</a>, <a href="Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="GraalVM" title="GraalVM">GraalVM</a></li>

<li><a href="HotSpot_(virtual_machine)" title="HotSpot (virtual machine)">HotSpot</a></li>

<li><a href="Maxine_Virtual_Machine" title="Maxine Virtual Machine">Maxine</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major implementations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="JamVM" title="JamVM">JamVM</a></li>

<li><a href="Jikes_RVM" title="Jikes RVM">Jikes RVM</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenJ9" title="OpenJ9">OpenJ9</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">Embedded</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Android_Runtime" title="Android Runtime">Android Runtime</a></li>

<li><a href="JamaicaVM" title="JamaicaVM">JamaicaVM</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="IcedTea" title="IcedTea">IcedTea</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apache_Harmony" title="Apache Harmony">Apache Harmony</a></li>

<li><a href="Dalvik_(software)" title="Dalvik (software)">Dalvik</a></li>

<li><a href="JRockit" title="JRockit">JRockit</a></li>

<li><a href="Kaffe" title="Kaffe">Kaffe</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Java_Virtual_Machine" title="Microsoft Java Virtual Machine">Microsoft JVM</a></li>

<li><a href="SableVM" title="SableVM">SableVM</a></li>

<li><a href="Squawk_virtual_machine" title="Squawk virtual machine">Squawk</a></li>

<li><a href="Jupiter_JVM" title="Jupiter JVM">Jupiter</a></li>

<li><a href="Excelsior_JET" title="Excelsior JET">Excelsior JET</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Java_(software_platform)419" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Java_(software_platform)419" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Java_(software_platform)" title="Java (software platform)">Java (software platform)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Java_Platform%2C_Micro_Edition" title="Java Platform, Micro Edition">Java ME</a> (Micro)</li>

<li><a href="Java_Platform%2C_Standard_Edition" title="Java Platform, Standard Edition">Java SE</a> (Standard)</li>

<li><a href="Jakarta_EE" title="Jakarta EE">Jakarta EE</a> (Enterprise)</li>

<li><a href="Android_software_development#SDK" title="Android software development">Android SDK</a></li>

<li><a href="GraalVM" title="GraalVM">GraalVM</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oracle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Squawk_virtual_machine" title="Squawk virtual machine">Squawk</a></li>

<li><a href="Java_Development_Kit" title="Java Development Kit">Java Development Kit</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenJDK" title="OpenJDK">OpenJDK</a></li>

<li><a href="Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine">Java virtual machine</a></li>

<li><a href="JavaFX" title="JavaFX">JavaFX</a></li>

<li><a href="Maxine_Virtual_Machine" title="Maxine Virtual Machine">Maxine VM</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platform</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Java_applet" title="Java applet">Applets</a></li>

<li><a href="Jakarta_Servlet" title="Jakarta Servlet">Servlets</a></li>

<li><a href="MIDlet" title="MIDlet">MIDlets</a></li>

<li><a href="Java_Web_Start" title="Java Web Start">Web Start</a> (JNLP)</li>

<li><a href="Java_Platform_Module_System" title="Java Platform Module System">Modules</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major<br>third-party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Blackdown_Java" title="Blackdown Java">Blackdown</a></li>

<li><a href="Eclipse_(software)" title="Eclipse (software)">Eclipse</a></li>

<li><a href="GNU_Classpath" title="GNU Classpath">GNU Classpath</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_Harmony" title="Apache Harmony">Harmony</a></li>

<li><a href="Hibernate_(framework)" title="Hibernate (framework)">Hibernate</a></li>

<li><a href="IcedTea" title="IcedTea">IcedTea</a></li>

<li><a href="Jazelle" title="Jazelle">Jazelle</a></li>

<li><a href="Spring_Framework" title="Spring Framework">Spring</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_Struts" title="Apache Struts">Struts</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_TopLink" title="Oracle TopLink">TopLink</a></li>

<li><a href="WildFly" title="WildFly">WildFly</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Java_version_history" title="Java version history">Java version history</a></li>

<li><a href="Java_Community_Process" title="Java Community Process">Java Community Process</a></li>

<li><a href="Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a></li>

<li>Slogan: <i><a href="Write_once%2C_run_anywhere" title="Write once, run anywhere">Write once, run anywhere</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_JVM_languages" title="List of JVM languages">JVM<br>languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="BeanShell" title="BeanShell">BeanShell</a></li>

<li><a href="Clojure" title="Clojure">Clojure</a></li>

<li><a href="Groovy_(programming_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Groovy (programming language)">Groovy</a></li>

<li><a href="JRuby" title="JRuby">JRuby</a></li>

<li><a href="Jython" title="Jython">Jython</a></li>

<li><a href="Kotlin_(programming_language)" title="Kotlin (programming language)">Kotlin</a></li>

<li><a href="Processing" title="Processing">Processing</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhino_(JavaScript_engine)" title="Rhino (JavaScript engine)">Rhino</a></li>

<li><a href="Scala_(programming_language)" title="Scala (programming language)">Scala</a></li>

<li><a href="Oxygene_(programming_language)" title="Oxygene (programming language)">Oxygene</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="JavaOne" title="JavaOne">JavaOne</a></li>

<li><a href="Devoxx" title="Devoxx">Devoxx</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apache_Software_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Software Foundation">Apache Software Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Eclipse_Foundation" title="Eclipse Foundation">Eclipse Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Java_Community_Process" title="Java Community Process">Java Community Process</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle Corporation</a></li>

<li><a href="Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>, <a href="Sun_Microsystems_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Microsystems Laboratories">Sun Microsystems Laboratories</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="James_Gosling" title="James Gosling">James Gosling</a></li>

<li><a href="Arthur_van_Hoff" title="Arthur van Hoff">Arthur van Hoff</a></li>

<li><a href="Urs_H%C3%B6lzle" title="Urs Hölzle">Urs Hölzle</a></li>

<li><a href="Patrick_Naughton" class="new" title="Patrick Naughton (page does not exist)">Patrick Naughton</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b> • <span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert-image noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3AComputer_programming" title="Portal:Computer programming">Computer programming portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-04-13" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Free_Java_implementations&oldid=1285354407">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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